Guest blogger this week is Tom Tropp.
This summer, I had the honor of joining a group from the Lutheran Church of Honolulu on a Lutheran history tour of eastern Germany, following in the footsteps of Martin Luther. The trip began in Berlin, and for a lifelong fanatic of twentieth-century history, this visit allowed me to cross several items off my bucket list. The remnants of the wall, the replica Checkpoint Charlie, and the remaining battle scars from the 1940s are every bit as jarring as I had expected. But—as is so often the case—the most moving moment experienced there came as a surprise.
Across the street from the Tiergarten and immediately south of the American embassy, in a space that was formerly part of the Berlin Wall’s “death strip,” and before that the location of the Reich Chancellery and the Führerbunker, is the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe.

This memorial was commissioned by the German government in 1999 and opened in 2005. This photo is taken from street level, looking north, where the concrete slabs are about thigh-high. Looking from here, the impression is that these slabs follow a gentle rise and fall as one walks through from south to north (or the opposite; you can enter the memorial from any direction).
Once inside, however, those expectations are immediately shattered. The center of the memorial is not on high ground, but in a pit. As you proceed toward the center, the slabs grow higher and heavier, quickly towering over you. The sounds of the city and traffic disappear, and the ground underneath your feet is constantly and randomly rising and falling.
With each step, your feet can no longer anticipate whether the next will be a step up or down, and so you stumble; as the concrete slabs tower above you, you can no longer see around the next corner, and so you collide; as you wander, you can no longer remember which direction you are headed, and so you emerge somewhere you never anticipated. The experience is extremely disorienting. This is at once a place of peaceful reflection and one of frustrating wandering. This was the artist’s intention, of course, as this is exactly how our Jewish brothers and sisters in Europe spent the middle part of the 20th century.
But it wasn’t only then, was it?
Fear of the outsider, rejection of other-ness, the rise of closed communities: these were not novel in 1930s Germany. And while we all know that these attitudes are not Biblical and certainly not Christian, we must also recognize that they very much arose from within the church. The earliest anti-Jewish interpretations of the Gospels, especially in the Passion stories, evolved early in Christianity’s history, and the translations of these texts made during the Reformation clearly leaned in to these interpretations.
The City Church in Wittenberg—the birthplace of the Reformation, where Martin Luther preached over 2,000 sermons—was built starting around 1280. Its “Judensau” was added around 1290.

This relief, on the southeast corner of the church, was something that couldn’t possibly be missed by Wittenberg’s Jewish population, as they walked the narrow pathway that they were required to traverse between their storefronts on the market square and their homes in Jewish quarter—required, so as not to be seen coming or going. It was designed to humiliate and to threaten. And it is on the wall of the church. There were hundreds of these “Judensaus” (a word that literally means “Jewish pig”) added to German churches in the 13th through 15th centuries, and this is one of 47 still surviving today. The text etched in this one was added later and was taken from Luther’s highly antisemitic treatise “Vom Schem Hamphoras.”
One cannot read Luther’s history or visit the sites of his life without finding some pretty dark blemishes. We can cover these up if we want to. Look only at the door of the College Church, at Wartburg Castle, at the Augustinian monastery in Erfurt. That’s easier, isn’t it? But it denies us the full picture and the ability to learn from it. Does learning these things change our image of Martin Luther? Sure it does. Does learning these things negate the good that Martin Luther did? Does it mean that we are against Martin Luther? Of course it does not. Whitewashing the history of our Christian ancestors—or for that matter, our church, our nation, or our family—never serves in our church’s—or nation’s, or family’s—best interests. It only denies us the ability to learn. The façade of perfection is not history. God is perfect; God’s Word is perfect. Those of us who try to interpret God’s Word are not.
When preparations were being made to restore Wittenberg’s City Church for the 500th anniversary of the Reformation, heated debates took place regarding its “Judensau” and whether it should be removed. Those debates continue today, but ultimately, the decision was made to leave it in place, so that the city and the nation might own its history, to encourage discussion of it, and to learn from it. So the “Judensau” is still there, but on the ground below it have been added both a cedar of Lebanon (donated by Israel) and a memorial plaque.

This piece of art tells an important story. We can choose to forget our history, to stuff it into a box and cover it up. It sure is easier that way. But it will always work its way to the surface, always ooze through the seams—and in a far worse way than it went into the box in the first place.
“Now these things occurred as examples for us, so that we might not desire evil as they did…. These things happened to them to serve as an example, and they were written down to instruct us, on whom the ends of the ages have come.” 1 Cor. 10:6, 11
Tom Tropp